Editorial house-style

Before submission, please take a look at the preferred house-style used by SaintScience across its publications

References

A reference is an allusion to content that is not yours originally, including previously published text, quotes and graphic media. When such content appears in the text, an in-text citation should follow with an EndNote link to the reference in the Bibliography, the comprehensive list of all references made throughout the text. The Journal uses the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) referencing style, a derivative of the Chicago theme, throughout its written content. Further information on its usage can be found here.
Authors are free to use referencing software like Mendeley or EndNote to format your references. Please just ensure that the output from this software reflects the content of the source material, provided that some sources are not formatted correctly.

In-text citations

The IEEE theme uses a numerical referencing system where citations are numbered in square brackets [1], [2], etc. according to first appearance in the text. Once source material has been cited, the same index is used for repeat citations thereunder
Each square bracket should be placed at the end of the clause or sentence before an article of punctuation. A space should be placed between the left square bracket and any preceding text (e.g. temperatures exceeding 21oC place stock-eye salmon under great stress [1])
For referencing multiple sources, all index entries are placed in a pair of square brackets and separated by commas (e.g. [1,3,5]). If the indices are continuous, i.e., 1 up to 4, the range is given in square brackets with a dash, and not a hyphen, between the minimum and maximum (e.g. [1–4]). This format is combined with the one above where there is a continuous range and separate source (e.g. [1–4, 6])
Where a quote is given, the in-text citation should also include the page number of the source material inside the square bracket (e.g. [3, p. 2], multiple pages are given as pp.)
If deciding to mention the referenced author(s) in-text, then the surnames should be given with an ‘and’ conjunction for two authors followed by the reference in square brackets (e.g. Fushiki [3] or Fushiki and Haeckel [4]). Where greater than two authors have contributed to the source, the lead author’s surname should be followed by ‘et al.’ and the reference in square brackets, noting the use of italics and an abbreviation point following al (e.g. Fushiki et al. [9])

Bibliography

Below are the standard formats for different content you might encounter. A key principle is that a reference should offer as much information as possible on the source’s metadata, accessibility and publication details.

Books –

[Citation index] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, Book Title, edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

eBooks –

[Citation index] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname. (Year, Month Day). Book Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: URL [date of access given as month year]

Journal article –

[Citation index] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of article,” Title of journal abbreviated in Italics, vol. number, issue number, page numbers, Abbreviated Month Year.

Dissertations –

[Citation index] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of thesis,” Designation type, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., State if USA, Year.

Websites –

[Ref number] Author’s initials. Authors Surname. (Year, Month. Day). Title of web page [Online]. Available: URL [date of access given as month year]

If author is not visible, simply giving the corporate identity or title of website is acceptable. Alternatively, Anon. for anonymous may be given

Grammar, spelling and punctuation

The Journal uses the UK spelling and grammar conventions exclusively
Use –ize endings for words where acceptable in UK English, e.g., organization, specialize, modernize; but there are exceptions, such as analyse, incise, advertise. Please consult the Concise Oxford English Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary if you are unsure about a word
Bullet-point lists should not have a full-stop at the end

Category	Style
Acronyms	UNICEF, USA, etc. Written without full points. Spell out unfamiliar acronyms when first used.
Commas	Do not use before and in lists of nouns and phrases, but use in strings of clauses
Colons	Only use to elaborate or expand on a statement. Colons should never be used in lists or at the end of non-statements: i.e., ‘Jupiter: it weighs 1.898 × 1027kg [1]’ is not acceptable since Jupiter alone is not a statement
Dates	Day/month/year. For 20th-century decades, use the full form, i.e., ‘1990s’, not ’90s’
Numbers	One to nine – written in words. 10 and above – written in numerals
Percentages	Written as two words: ‘per cent’. Use % in tables or graphs. Do not mix percentages and fractions in the same sentence
Quotation marks	Use single quotation marks as a rule. Use double marks for quotes within quotes.